There are three categories of lead-acid batteries.




1) Classification by use




China's lead-acid battery products are classified according to their uses. It is mainly divided into starting use, fixed use and power use. The starting battery is mainly used for starting and lighting of various automobiles, locomotives and ships. It is required to be able to discharge large current and start at low temperature. The internal resistance of the battery should be small and the positive and negative plates should be thin. Stationary lead-acid batteries are important as backup power supply for various large equipment systems, with thick plates, thin electrolyte and long service life. The power battery is important to supply power for all kinds of power systems, and requires good performance in both short and long term.




2) Classification by plate structure




It can be divided into paste type, tube type and forming type. The lead oxide is mixed into lead paste with sulfuric acid solution, coated on the grid cast with lead alloy, dried and converted into a paste plate. The framework is made of lead alloy, and the framework is covered with woven fiber tubes, which are filled with active substances. This plate is called tubular plate. The plate is made of pure lead




Casting is called formation.




3) Classified by electrolyte and charging maintenance




It is mainly divided into dry discharge battery, dry charged battery, wet charged battery, maintenance-free battery, less maintenance battery, valve regulated sealed battery, etc.




Electromotive force, open-circuit voltage, working voltage




The electromotive force of the battery is the difference between the equilibrium electrode potentials of the two electrodes. Battery electromotive force is a function of sulfuric acid concentration. The open-circuit voltage of the battery is the potential difference between the electrodes when there is no current flowing through the external circuit. It is generally less than the electromotive force of the battery and is directly related to the state of charge of the battery. The working voltage of the battery, also called discharge voltage or load voltage, refers to the potential difference between the two poles of the battery when external current passes through. The working voltage is always lower than the open-circuit voltage, because the resistance caused by polarization resistance and ohmic resistance must be overcome when the current passes through the battery. As the battery discharges, the positive and negative active substances and sulfuric acid are gradually consumed, the water volume increases, the acid concentration decreases, and the battery voltage decreases.
铅酸蓄电池习惯上有三种分类法。


1）按用途分类


我国铅酸蓄电池产品就是按用途分类的。重要分为起动用、固定用、动力用等几个方面。其中起动用蓄电池重要用于各种汽车、机车、船舶起动和照明。要求能大电流放电，能低温起动，电池内阻要小，正负极板要薄。固定用铅酸蓄电池重要作为各种大型设备系统的备用电源，极板较厚，电解液较稀，使用寿命长。动力用电池则重要为各种动力系统供应电源，长、短时率性能都要求比较好。


2）按极板结构分类


重要分为涂膏式、管式、形成式。将铅氧化物用硫酸溶液调成铅膏，涂在用铅合金铸成的板栅上，经过干燥、化成，称为涂膏式极板。用铅合金制成骨架，在骨架外套以编制的纤维管，管中装入活性物质，这种极板称为管式极板。极板由纯铅


铸成则称为形成式。


3）按电解液和充电维护情况分类


重要分为干放电蓄电池、干荷电蓄电池、湿荷电蓄电池、免维护、少维护蓄电池、阀控密封蓄电池等。


电动势、开路电压、工作电压


蓄电池的电动势就是两个电极的平衡电极电位之差。蓄电池电动势是硫酸浓度的函数。蓄电池的开路电压是外电路没有电流流过时电极之间的电位差，一般小于蓄电池电动势，与蓄电池荷电状态直接相关。蓄电池的工作电压又称放电电压或负荷电压，是指有外电流通过时蓄电池两极间的电位差。工作电压总是低于开路电压，因为电流通过蓄电池内部时，必须克服极化电阻和欧姆电阻所造成的阻力。随着蓄电池放电的进行，正负极活性物质和硫酸逐渐消耗，水量新增，酸浓度降低，蓄电池的电压降低。

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本文由韩国SEBANG蓄电池（大陆地区）营销中心于2023-03-04 13:13:53 整理发布。
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