如何延长铅酸电池的使用寿命、防止鼓包和引起火灾。

1、充放电技术。铅酸电池的使用寿命与充放电技术十分相关，尤其是过充和过放对电池使用寿命的影响极为严重。为了保证不过充和过放，需要使用人总结和观察，同时配套相关的方法来控制。

A、防止过放。也就是电池使用时，切莫放电到电池无法供电，当然铅酸电池一般都会有一点电，不会无电，但有一个情况是十分伤害电池的。例如电动车在使用时，尽量在使用前充满电，避免电池电量放到接近缺电的程度，平时保证及时补电。如果电动车在骑行过程中，电池已经不能带动车子前行了，这个时候不充电，而是停车待电池有电后继续前行，这是最伤电池寿命的。另外就是电池很久不用了，电池会因为自放电而亏电，如果很久不用了，电池就会出现过放电现象，所以隔半个月左右要对电池进行补充电。防止过放的另一个问题是放电过快，大家希望电动车跑得快，可不知这是最伤电瓶的。防止方法是增加电池，增加电池后，当然在增加电池的时候要注意重新配充电器，如果电动车控制器或电机不能承载就要更换这二个件，如果增加电池怕烧电机，最好配一个档位开关，平时使用低档行进。

B、防止过充。电池过充一是伤铅板，还有一个影响就是使用电解液浓度上升，对电池损害也十分可怕。为了防止过充，在平时充电时要记住每次你使用多少电需要补多久就满足了，以便于以后设定充电时间时心中有数。配套一个手动调整供电时间的充电插座，每次充电前，调整到充满电所需的时间，切不可整晚充电，更不可无休止地充电。根据电瓶的循环寿命和浮充寿命的差别，为了延长电瓶的寿命，在使用过程中充电会延长电池的寿命，所以电池既要防止过充，若能保证时时补电，就可以延长电池的寿命。例如在电瓶车上安装光电板或发电机，利用太阳能或下坡发电补电，就可以延长电池的使用寿命。按此推理，电动车用后即充是有利于电池使用寿命的延长的。

C、微电流充电。在充电时，如果时间够长，最好选用微电流充电，可惜现在市场上还没有可调整充电电流大小的充电器。但在现实中，可以用充电方法实现微电流充电。那就是在每次使用后就充电的方法，当然要配套一个定时充电插座，以控制充电时间不会过长，还有一个好处就是充一小段时间后停下再次，这样也可以控制充电电流量。使用电量很少就充电，电池本身的电压较高，充电器与电池之差的压差不大，所以充电时的电流就会少，这样充电有利于保护电池的铅板。在电动车日常使用时，常常会因为估计不足或者其他原因需要快速充电的，人们会选择设置在路边的快速充电装置进行充电，按照电池维护的基本需要，快速充电使用次数宜越少越好，最好不使用。

2、及时补水。铅酸电池使用一段时间后，电池中的电解液会因为电解蒸发而失水，如果不及时补水，电池容量会下降，充电时很难达到额定电压，这时充电就容易引起鼓包甚至引发火灾。尤其是夏秋高温季节，及时补水尤其重要。电池缺水后，电解液浓度会升高，也是对电池寿命的损伤。补充的水一般用电池专用电解液，也可以间断地补充蒸馏水，但切不可用自来水来补充。补水的时候一定要适量，当电池的电极表层有一层水后就可以，切不可灌满，因为电解液是稀硫酸，充电时流出来会导致电池外面部件腐蚀，还会产生污染。电池补水是防止充电鼓包的最直接对口方法，现在市场上有些厂家为了防止用户加水，搞了一个硅胶电池，使大家不方便加水，大家远离这种电池，这种企业不想走远，就让它早点消失吧。

3、调节平衡。电动车中的电池都是成组，并且要求每个电瓶的电容量尽可能一致，这样才会不导致电池之间出现长期过充和过放的现象。每隔三个月要进行一次平衡调节，尽量使其达到电压一致。调节方法用一个万用表检测，配一个或多个12伏的充电器，和一个一百瓦的白炽灯。万用表是检测电压的一致性，对电压低的电池进行单独充电补电，对电压过高的用白炽灯进行放电。这个过程十分费时，也需要有动手操作能力，和相关专业知识，尤其注意：不懂相关知识的人一定不能去进行此项操作，因为这个过程操作失败会十分危险。如果有头脑的可以设计一个简单的平衡调节器，我设计过但没有配件去做。不过市场有这种平衡器卖，只是价格略贵，效果如何暂没有检测。还有一种方法，就是在有条件的情况下，一个电池配一个充电器（针对单个电池的），隔一段时间全部接上单充一次，这样可以实现平衡，这样操作速度更快更方便。

4、保温增温。在冬季气温低于15度时，要给电池加保温增装置。气温低十分伤害电池，具体原因就不说了，这里说如何保温增温。在电池外面加一层电热毯垫，现在网上有小电热毯垫，买一个包在上面，最好选可调节功率的，用小功率给电热毯加热即可，但一定要注意防水。如果在电热毯垫上另接一个电源插头（电脑电源线电脑接端），可以在没有外部电源应急时用电动车电源自己加温。电池增温时一定要注意：增温后水蒸发速度加快，要及时检查和补水，半个月检查一次最好。

5、慢速放电。电池放电速度对电池寿命影响也很大，在使用过程中尽可能地减慢放电速度，会大幅度延长电池的使用寿命。电动车为了减慢电池的放电速度，可以增加电池数量，减慢行进速度。例如原来是48伏的电池，可以增加一块电池，使电池达到60伏，但这增加不是为了加快速度，而是要减慢放电速度，所以一定要配套一个调节电动车速度的调速器，在一般情况下，尽可能地使用低速档行进，这样就可以大幅减慢放电速度，可大大延长电池的使用寿命。

6、防止高温。在电池使用和贮藏的时候，不宜放在超过40度的环境中。如果夏天用电动车跑长途，在中途最好能给电池休息时间。如果夏秋天气温高太阳大的时候，不宜将电动车放在阳光直射的地方。

7、防水。电池的正负极接线螺丝在有水的时候易腐蚀生锈，电池表面有水时会加速放电。

8、防止电解液流出。电池中有电解液，在充电的时候，电池中会电解出氢气和氧气，由于电池是一个相对密闭的空间，内部气压会增大，在电动车跑的时候，电解液会飞溅到电池的入液孔边，在气压的压迫下，电解液会或多或少地流出电池，一定要定期对电池表面的电解液进行清理，防止电解液外流。电解液外流后的直接后果是腐蚀电极螺丝，并增加电路的电阻，危害很大。

9、加快充电的科学方法：在日常生活中，人们最需要的是充电速度快，而这里有一个矛盾，充电快了，电池寿命就短了。这里有一个很好的解决办法：增加电池数量法。假设你一个电池使用不伤电池的充电电流为0.2安，如果你的是10个电池，充电电流就是2安，如果你是20个电池，你充电电流就是4安，这样就可以实现快速充电了。

10、防止剧烈振荡。电池极板上的活性物质在充电放电时会膨胀变松，在剧烈振荡时会促进活性物质脱落而损坏电瓶。要求骑行速度慢，还不宜在坑多的地方行走。在电池放置处设置防止振动的稳定装置。

11、间隔一定时间要有一次深放电。在你配制了慢充、慢放系统，而且经常采用即用充方法，还长期只跑短途后，需要隔一个月来一次深放电，注意深放电后一定要进行一次慢充，直到充足电后再使用。

12、尽量每天都使用一次电池，电池在不放电不充电状态，其电池容量会下降。每天都使用并充电，就使电池处理活动状态，有利于电池寿命的延长。商家说电池只有多少次充放电限制，这是骗人的鬼话，懂铅酸电池的会用事实告诉大家，铅酸电池寿命可以很长。

另外，在使用电池的时候，尽量使放电和充电处于一个平缓状态。例如在骑电动车的时候，不宜大幅变化车速。尤其少在上坡超重起步，和上坡加速的动作。

我的电动车电池通过这样的维护，在使用二年后，跟新电池差不多，如果大家都这样进行维护，不但可以避免电池鼓包，消除火灾隐患，可以大幅生长电池的使用寿命，少花很多电池费。

如果我国管理人员愿意，将来大家都可以用铅酸电池作为电动汽车的动力源，这样运行成本就十分低。按照我的目前的技术可以预测，铅酸电池的使用寿命可以达到8到10年，不但车子成本低，使用消费低，且不会起火爆炸。只是我国的商人不会满意，因为大家都用铅酸电池作车用动力，他们将没有利润。所以他们会骗国家说铅酸电池有污染、寿命短、电密度低，不适合作车用动力电源。其实这些都是骗人的。

我们可以核算一下，电动单车用72伏20安时的电池，一次性最大行程可以达到60公里以上，假设电动汽车用360伏20安时（四个电动车电池组），一次性最大行程至少可以达到200公里，而这组电池的重量148公斤，比汽车发动机的重量要轻得多，当然加上电机重量也达不到汽车的重量。

但愿我国未来的电动汽车的电池能用上铅酸电池，因为这种电池最安全。（注意切莫用硅胶电池，这种电池是商人用来搞用户的钱的，因为这种电池无法维护寿命短，大家远离它）。
How to prolong the service life of lead-acid batteries, prevent bulging and fire.



1. Charge and discharge technology. The service life of lead-acid battery is closely related to the charging and discharging technology, especially the impact of overcharge and overcharge on the service life of battery is extremely serious. In order to ensure overcharge and over-discharge, it is necessary for users to summarize and observe, and control with relevant methods.



A. Prevent over-discharge. That is, when the battery is in use, do not discharge it until the battery cannot supply power. Of course, lead-acid batteries generally have a little electricity and will not be without electricity, but there is one situation that can seriously damage the battery. For example, electric vehicles should be fully charged before use as far as possible to avoid the battery level being close to the level of power shortage and ensure timely power supply at ordinary times. If the battery can no longer drive the car forward during the riding process of the electric vehicle, it will not be charged at this time, but will stop until the battery is charged and continue to move forward, which is the most damaging to the battery life. In addition, if the battery is not used for a long time, the battery will lose power due to self-discharge. If it is not used for a long time, the battery will be over-discharged, so the battery should be recharged every half a month or so. Another problem to prevent over-discharge is that the discharge is too fast. We hope that the electric car can run fast, but we don't know that this is the most harmful to the battery. The prevention method is to increase the battery. After adding the battery, of course, when adding the battery, you should pay attention to re-configuring the charger. If the electric vehicle controller or motor cannot carry the load, you should replace these two parts. If you are afraid of burning the motor when adding the battery, it is better to equip a gear switch, and usually use the low gear to move.



B. Prevent overcharge. The overcharge of the battery damages the lead plate, and another effect is the rise of the concentration of the electrolyte used, which also causes terrible damage to the battery. In order to prevent overcharging, you should remember how much electricity you need to recharge each time you charge, so that you can know the charging time in the future. It is equipped with a charging socket that can manually adjust the power supply time. Before each charging, adjust the time required for full charge. Never charge all night, let alone charge endlessly. According to the difference between the cycle life and floating charge life of the battery, in order to prolong the life of the battery, charging during use will prolong the life of the battery. Therefore, the battery should not only prevent overcharging, but also extend the life of the battery if it can be recharged at all times. For example, the service life of the battery can be extended by installing photovoltaic panels or generators on the battery car and using solar energy or downhill power generation to supplement electricity. According to this reasoning, charging electric vehicles after use is conducive to the extension of battery life.



C. Micro current charging. When charging, if the time is long enough, it is better to use micro-current charging. Unfortunately, there is no charger that can adjust the charging current on the market. However, in reality, micro-current charging can be realized by charging method. That is the method of charging after each use. Of course, a timing charging socket should be equipped to control the charging time not to be too long. Another advantage is to stop after charging for a short period of time, which can also control the amount of charging current. The battery is charged when it uses little electricity. The voltage of the battery itself is high, and the voltage difference between the charger and the battery is small, so the current during charging will be small. This charging is conducive to protecting the lead plate of the battery. In the daily use of electric vehicles, it is often necessary to charge quickly due to underestimation or other reasons. People will choose the quick-charging device set at the roadside to charge. According to the basic needs of battery maintenance, the use of quick-charging should be as few as possible, and it is better not to use it.



2. Timely replenish water. After the lead-acid battery has been used for a period of time, the electrolyte in the battery will lose water due to electrolytic evaporation. If the water is not replenished in time, the battery capacity will drop, and it is difficult to reach the rated voltage during charging. At this time, charging will easily cause swelling and even fire. Especially in the summer and autumn high temperature season, timely water replenishment is particularly important. After the battery is short of water, the electrolyte concentration will increase, which is also damage to the battery life. The water to be replenished is usually the battery electrolyte, or the distilled water can be replenished intermittently, but the tap water cannot be used. When replenishing water, it must be appropriate. When there is a layer of water on the surface of the battery electrode, it can be used. It must not be filled up, because the electrolyte is dilute sulfuric acid, which will cause corrosion of the external parts of the battery and also cause pollution. Battery water replenishment is the most direct way to prevent charging drums. Now some manufacturers in the market have developed a silicone battery to prevent users from adding water, which makes it inconvenient for people to add water. People should stay away from this battery. This kind of enterprise doesn't want to go far, so let it disappear earlier.



3. Adjust the balance. The batteries in electric vehicles are grouped, and the capacitance of each battery is required to be as consistent as possible, so as not to cause long-term overcharge and overcharge between batteries. Balance adjustment shall be carried out every three months to make the voltage as consistent as possible. The adjustment method is tested with a multimeter, equipped with one or more 12-volt chargers and a 100-watt incandescent lamp. The multimeter is used to detect the consistency of voltage, charge and recharge the battery with low voltage separately, and discharge the battery with high voltage with incandescent lamp. This process is very time-consuming, and requires hands-on operation ability and relevant professional knowledge. In particular, people who do not understand relevant knowledge must not carry out this operation, because the failure of this process operation will be very dangerous. If you have brains, you can design a simple balance regulator. I have designed it but have no accessories to do it. However, this kind of balancer is sold in the market, but the price is a little expensive, and the effect has not been tested for the time being. Another way is to match a battery with a charger (for a single battery), and connect it to a single charge once every other time, if conditions permit, so as to achieve balance, which is faster and more convenient to operate.



4. Heat preservation and warming. When the temperature is lower than 15 ℃ in winter, the battery shall be equipped with thermal insulation device. Low temperature can damage the battery very much. The specific reason is not mentioned. Here we talk about how to keep warm and increase temperature. Add a layer of electric blanket pad on the outside of the battery. Now there is a small electric blanket pad on the Internet. Buy a bag on it. It is better to choose the adjustable power one. Heat the electric blanket with small power, but pay attention to waterproof. If another power plug is connected to the electric blanket pad (the computer power cord is connected to the computer terminal), the electric vehicle power supply can be used to heat itself when there is no external power supply in emergency. Attention must be paid when the battery is warmed up: the water evaporation speed will be accelerated after the temperature is increased, and it is necessary to check and replenish water in time, and it is best to check once a half month.



5. Slow discharge. The battery discharge speed also has a great impact on the battery life. Slow down the discharge speed as much as possible in the process of use will greatly prolong the battery life. In order to slow down the discharge speed of the battery, the electric vehicle can increase the number of batteries and slow down the traveling speed. For example, a 48-volt battery can be added to make the battery reach 60V, but this increase is not to speed up, but to slow down the discharge speed. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a governor to adjust the speed of electric vehicles. In general, use the low-speed gear as far as possible, which can significantly slow down the discharge speed and greatly prolong the service life of the battery.



6. Prevent high temperature. When the battery is used and stored, it should not be placed in an environment above 40 ℃. If you use an electric car to run long distances in summer, you'd better give the battery a rest time in the middle. If the weather is warm and sunny in summer and autumn, it is not suitable to put the electric car in the place where the sun is direct.



7. Waterproof. The positive and negative connection screws of the battery are easy to corrode and rust when there is water on the battery surface, and the discharge will be accelerated when there is water on the battery surface.



8. Prevent electrolyte from flowing out. There is electrolyte in the battery. When charging, hydrogen and oxygen will be electrolyzed from the battery. Because the battery is a relatively closed space, the internal pressure will increase. When the electric vehicle runs, the electrolyte will splash to the side of the battery's liquid inlet hole. Under the pressure of the pressure, the electrolyte will flow out of the battery more or less. It is necessary to clean the electrolyte on the battery surface regularly to prevent the outflow of electrolyte. The direct consequence of electrolyte outflow is to corrode the electrode screws and increase the resistance of the circuit, which is very harmful.



9. Scientific methods to speed up charging: In daily life, what people need most is fast charging, but there is a contradiction here: faster charging, shorter battery life. Here is a good solution: increase the number of batteries. Suppose that the charging current of a battery is 0.2 A without damaging the battery. If you have 10 batteries, the charging current is 2 A. If you have 20 batteries, the charging current is 4 A. This can realize fast charging.



10. Prevent violent oscillation. The active substance on the battery plate will expand and become loose during charging and discharging, and will promote the active substance to fall off and damage the battery during violent oscillation. It is required to ride slowly, and it is not suitable to walk in places with many pits. The place where the battery is placed shall be provided with a stabilizing device to prevent vibration.



11. There should be a deep discharge at certain intervals. After you have configured a slow charging and slow discharging system, and often use the ready-to-use charging method, and only run a short distance for a long time, you need to conduct a deep discharge every other month. Note that after the deep discharge, you must conduct a slow charging, and then use it until it is fully charged.



12. Try to use the battery once a day. When the battery is not discharged or charged, its capacity will drop. Use and charge the battery every day, so that the battery can handle the active state, which is conducive to extending the battery life. The merchant said that the battery only has a limit of how many times to charge and discharge, which is a lie. Those who understand lead-acid batteries will use the facts to tell you that the life of lead-acid batteries can be very long.



In addition, when using the battery, try to keep the discharge and charging in a smooth state. For example, when riding an electric vehicle, it is not advisable to change the speed greatly. In particular, it is rare to start overweight on the uphill and accelerate on the uphill.



After two years of use, my electric car battery is almost the same as the new battery. If everyone carries out maintenance in this way, it can not only avoid the bulge of the battery, eliminate the fire hazard, but also greatly increase the service life of the battery and save a lot of battery costs.



If Chinese managers are willing, we can use lead-acid batteries as the power source of electric vehicles in the future, so the operation cost is very low. According to my current technology, the service life of lead-acid battery can reach 8 to 10 years, which is not only low in car cost, low in use consumption, but also will not cause fire and explosion. It's just that Chinese businessmen will not be satisfied, because everyone uses lead-acid batteries as vehicle power, and they will have no profit. So they will cheat the country that lead-acid batteries are polluting, short in life and low in electrical density, and are not suitable for use as vehicle power supply. In fact, these are deceptive.



We can calculate that the maximum one-time travel of an electric bicycle can reach more than 60 kilometers with a battery of 72 volts and 20 ampere-hours. Assuming that an electric vehicle uses 360 volts and 20 ampere-hours (four electric vehicle battery packs), the maximum one-time travel can reach at least 200 kilometers, and the weight of this battery pack is 148 kilograms, which is much lighter than the weight of the car engine. Of course, the weight of the motor can not reach the weight of the car.



I hope that lead-acid batteries can be used in China's future electric vehicles, because this kind of battery is the safest. (Pay attention not to use silica gel battery. This kind of battery is used by businessmen to make money for users. Because this kind of battery cannot be maintained and has a short service life, people should stay away from it).

    上一篇我们送上的文章是 世邦 火箭蓄电池的基本概念 ， _!在下一篇继续做详细介绍，如需了解更多，请持续关注。
本文由韩国SEBANG蓄电池（大陆地区）营销中心于2023-03-04 13:10:59 整理发布。
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