在生活当中很多人都只听说过锂电池，而铅酸蓄电池是什么却少有人知道，今天就来给大家介绍下什么是铅酸蓄电池，以及铅酸蓄电池的分类，如果你对铅酸蓄电池感兴趣的话，本文可一定要看。

铅酸蓄电池

　　什么是铅酸蓄电池？

　　铅酸蓄电池是一种电极主要由铅及其氧化物制成，电解液是硫酸溶液的蓄电池，分为排气式蓄电池和免维护铅酸电池。

　　放电状态下，正极主要成分为二氧化铅，负极主要成分为铅；充电状态下，正负极的主要成分均为硫酸铅。

　　电池主要由管式正极板、负极板、电解液、隔板、电池槽、电池盖、极柱、注液盖等组成。排气式蓄电池的电极是由铅和铅的氧化物构成，电解液是硫酸的水溶液。主要优点是电压稳定、价格便宜；缺点是比能低(即每公斤蓄电池存储的电能)、使用寿命短和日常维护频繁。老式普通蓄电池一般寿命在2年左右，而且需定期检查电解液的高度并添加蒸馏水。不过随着科技的发展，铅酸蓄电池的寿命变得更长而且维护也更简单了。

　　铅酸蓄电池的发展现状是什么？

　　“十一五”期间，我国铅酸蓄电池市场规模迅速扩大，产量平均以每年约20%的速度快速增长，总体规模增长了2倍，由2005年的约7000万多KVAh上升至2010年的14416.68万KVAh。

　　2011年，我国铅酸蓄电池行业产销规模均有所扩大，利润及销售利润均大幅上升，行业经营效益较好。2011年我国铅酸蓄电池行业的资产总额为880.91亿元，同比增长39.35%;实现销售收入965.15亿元，同比增长32.40%;实现利润总额57.20亿元，同比增长10.81%。

　　与此同时，铅酸蓄电池技术经过多年发展，其比能量、循环寿命、高低温适应性等问题已有所突破。目前我国正逐渐缩小与国际领先技术的差距，在部分核心技术方面已达到国际水平，并且越来越多地进入国际市场。

　　随着铅酸蓄电池行业竞争的不断加剧，大型铅酸蓄电池生产企业间并购整合与资本运作日趋频繁，国内优秀的铅酸蓄电池生产企业愈来愈重视对行业市场的研究，特别是对企业发展环境和客户需求趋势变化的深入研究。正因为如此，一大批国内优秀的铅酸蓄电池品牌迅速崛起，逐渐成为铅酸蓄电池行业中的翘楚！

　　目前铅酸蓄电池产业发展中主要存在三个方面的问题：

　　一是非法铅酸蓄电池和再生铅生产企业仍然存在，技术装备水平不高，经营规范企业在市场竞争中仍处于不利地位，影响了行业的健康发展。

　　二是少数企业无视国家危险废物管理要求，违法从事废铅蓄电池收集、贮存和处置活动，大量废铅酸蓄电池涌入非法回收利用渠道，使得规范的回收企业缺乏价格竞争优势。

　　三是铅酸蓄电池行业缺少技术支持，经济合理的污染治理技术，特别是蓄电池的清洁生产技术产业化运作明显不足，先进技术推广不够，制约了行业的技术进步。

　　铅酸蓄电池有哪些分类？

　　1、普通蓄电池；普通蓄电池的极板是由铅和铅的氧化物构成，电解液是硫酸的水溶液。它的主要优点是电压稳定、价格便宜；缺点是比能低（即每公斤蓄电池存储的电能）、使用寿命短和日常维护频繁。

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铅酸蓄电池

　　2、干荷蓄电池：它的全称是干式荷电铅酸蓄电池，它的主要特点是负极板有较高的储电能力，在完全干燥状态下，能在两年内保存所得到的电量，使用时，只需加入电解液，等过20—30分钟就可使用。

　　3、免维护蓄电池：免维护蓄电池由于自身结构上的优势，电解液的消耗量非常小，在使用寿命内基本不需要补充蒸馏水。它还具有耐震、耐高温、体积小、自放电小的特点。使用寿命一般为普通蓄电池的两倍。市场上的免维护蓄电池也有两种：第一种在购买时一次性加电解液以后使用中不需要维护（添加补充液）；另一种是电池本身出厂时就已经加好电解液并封死，用户根本就不能加补充液。

　　铅酸电池有2V，4V，6V，8V，12V，24V等系列，容量从200毫安时到3000安时。VRLA电池是基于AGM（吸液玻璃纤维板）技术和钙栅板的可充电电池，具有优越的大电流放电特性和超长的使用寿命，它在使用中不需加水。
In life, many people have only heard of lithium batteries, but few people know what lead-acid batteries are. Today, let's introduce what lead-acid batteries are and the classification of lead-acid batteries. If you are interested in lead-acid batteries, this article must read.



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Lead acid battery



What is a lead-acid battery?



Lead-acid battery is a kind of battery whose electrode is mainly made of lead and its oxide, and whose electrolyte is sulfuric acid solution. It is divided into exhaust battery and maintenance-free lead-acid battery.



In the discharge state, the main component of the positive electrode is lead dioxide, and the main component of the negative electrode is lead; In the state of charge, the main components of the positive and negative poles are lead sulfate.



The battery is mainly composed of tubular positive plate, negative plate, electrolyte, separator, battery slot, battery cover, pole, liquid injection cover, etc. The electrode of the exhaust battery is composed of lead and lead oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. The main advantages are stable voltage and low price; The disadvantages are low specific energy (i.e. the electric energy stored per kilogram of battery), short service life and frequent daily maintenance. The general life of the old ordinary battery is about 2 years, and it is necessary to regularly check the height of the electrolyte and add distilled water. However, with the development of technology, the life of lead-acid batteries has become longer and the maintenance is simpler.



What is the development status of lead-acid batteries?



During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the market scale of lead-acid batteries in China has expanded rapidly, and the output has increased rapidly at an average rate of about 20% per year. The overall scale has doubled, from about 70 million KVAh in 2005 to 144.1668 million KVAh in 2010.



In 2011, the production and sales scale of China's lead-acid battery industry has expanded, and the profit and sales profit have increased significantly. The industry's operating efficiency is good. In 2011, the total assets of China's lead-acid battery industry was 88.91 billion yuan, with a year-on-year increase of 39.35%; The sales revenue was 96.515 billion yuan, up 32.40% year on year; The total profit was 5.72 billion yuan, up 10.81% year on year.



At the same time, after years of development, lead-acid battery technology has made breakthroughs in its specific energy, cycle life, high and low temperature adaptability and other issues. At present, China is gradually narrowing the gap with the world's leading technology, and has reached the international level in some core technologies, and is increasingly entering the international market.



With the increasing competition in the lead-acid battery industry, mergers and acquisitions and capital operations among large lead-acid battery manufacturers are becoming increasingly frequent. Domestic excellent lead-acid battery manufacturers are paying more and more attention to the research of the industry market, especially the in-depth study of the enterprise development environment and customer demand trend changes. Because of this, a large number of domestic excellent lead-acid battery brands have risen rapidly and gradually become leaders in the lead-acid battery industry!



At present, there are three main problems in the development of lead-acid battery industry:



First, illegal lead-acid battery and renewable lead production enterprises still exist, the level of technical equipment is not high, and standardized enterprises are still in a disadvantageous position in market competition, affecting the healthy development of the industry.



Second, a small number of enterprises ignore the national hazardous waste management requirements and illegally engage in the collection, storage and disposal of waste lead-acid batteries. A large number of waste lead-acid batteries flood into the illegal recycling channels, making the standard recycling enterprises lack the price competitive advantage.



Third, the lead-acid battery industry lacks technical support, economic and reasonable pollution control technology, especially the industrialization operation of battery cleaner production technology is obviously insufficient, and the promotion of advanced technology is insufficient, which restricts the technological progress of the industry.



What are the categories of lead-acid batteries?



1. Ordinary battery; The plate of ordinary battery is composed of lead and lead oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. Its main advantages are stable voltage and low price; The disadvantages are low specific energy (i.e. the electric energy stored per kilogram of battery), short service life and frequent daily maintenance.



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Lead acid battery



2. Dry-charged battery: its full name is dry-charged lead-acid battery. Its main feature is that the negative plate has a high storage capacity. In a completely dry state, it can store the energy obtained within two years. When it is used, it only needs to add electrolyte, and it can be used after 20-30 minutes.



3. Maintenance-free battery: Due to its structural advantages, the consumption of electrolyte is very small, and it is basically unnecessary to supplement distilled water during its service life. It also has the characteristics of shock resistance, high temperature resistance, small size and small self-discharge. The service life is generally twice that of ordinary batteries. There are also two types of maintenance-free batteries on the market: the first type is to add electrolyte at the time of purchase without maintenance (add supplemental solution); The other is that the battery itself has been filled with electrolyte and sealed when it leaves the factory, so the user can't add the supplemental solution at all.



Lead-acid batteries have 2 V, 4 V, 6 V, 8 V, 12 V, 24 V series, and the capacity ranges from 200 mAh to 3000 Ah. VRLA battery is a rechargeable battery based on AGM (liquid-absorbing glass fiber board) technology and calcium grid plate. It has excellent high current discharge characteristics and long service life. It does not need water in use.

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本文由韩国SEBANG蓄电池（大陆地区）营销中心于2023-03-04 12:50:34 整理发布。
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