Classification of lead-acid batteries

Common lead-acid batteries are mainly divided into three categories:

1) Ordinary battery; The plate of ordinary battery is composed of lead and lead oxide, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. Its main advantages are stable voltage and low price; The disadvantages are low specific energy (i.e. the electric energy stored per kilogram of battery), short service life and frequent daily maintenance. Common battery characteristics 1 High capacity 2 Long life 3 High CCA, good starting performance 4 Excellent charging acceptance and vibration resistance 5 High quality composite glass fiber partition application 6 TTP technology application 7 Advanced anti-sulfation technology 8 Advanced low-antimony alloy technology, less maintenance design 9 Reliable liquid hole plug sealing design 10. Dry load design, long storage period, ready to use immediately. 11. Complete models, beautiful and elegant, high standard design 2) Dry load battery: its full name is dry charged lead-acid battery. Its main feature is that the negative plate has a high storage capacity, and can store the energy obtained within two years in a completely dry state. When used, it only needs to add electrolyte, and it can be used after 20-30 minutes.

3) Maintenance-free battery: Due to its structural advantages, the consumption of electrolyte is very small, and it is basically unnecessary to supplement distilled water during its service life. It also has the characteristics of shock resistance, high temperature resistance, small size and small self-discharge. The service life is generally twice that of ordinary batteries. There are also two types of maintenance-free batteries on the market: the first type is to add electrolyte at the time of purchase without maintenance (add supplemental solution); The other is that the battery itself has been filled with electrolyte and sealed when it leaves the factory, so the user can't add the supplemental solution at all

Lead-acid batteries have 2 V, 4 V, 6 V, 8 V, 12 V, 24 V series, and the capacity ranges from 200 mAh to 3000 Ah. VRLA battery is a rechargeable battery based on AGM (liquid-absorbing glass fiber board) technology and calcium grid plate, which has excellent high current discharge characteristics and long service life. It does not need to add water in use.

The types of lead-acid batteries include ordinary batteries, dry-loaded batteries, maintenance-free lead-acid batteries and valve-regulated sealed lead-acid batteries.

Classification and basic knowledge of lead-acid batteries

1. Basic classification of lead-acid batteries

A) Classification by use



B) Classification according to the state of charge of lead-acid batteries



C) Classification according to the structure of battery cover and exhaust bolt



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2. Definitions of some terms

Sealed cell: When the battery works within the specified design range, it remains sealed, but the internal pressure exceeds the specified value, gas is allowed to escape through a resettable or non-resettable pressure relief device.

Hermetically sealed battery A battery without pressure relief device.

Maintenance-free battery A battery that does not require maintenance during use under specified operating conditions.

Characteristics and experiment of battery

Battery capacity The amount of electricity that a fully charged battery can provide under specified conditions, usually expressed in ampere-hours (A.h).

Discharge rate The current in amperes that a battery discharges.

Average voltage The average value of voltage during charging or discharging.

End-of-charge voltage The voltage at which the battery reaches full charge during the specified constant current charging period.

Nominal capacity is used to identify the appropriate approximate ampere-hour capacity of the battery.

Rated capacity The ampere-hour power that can be provided by the manufacturer after the battery is fully charged under specified conditions.

Self-discharge When the battery is not connected to the external circuit, the chemical energy is lost due to the internal self-discharge reaction of the battery.
铅酸蓄电池的分类
常用的铅酸蓄电池主要分三大类：
1）普通蓄电池；普通蓄电池的极板是由铅和铅的氧化物构成，电解液是硫酸的水溶液。它的主要优点是电压稳定、价格便宜；缺点是比能低（即每公斤蓄电池存储的电能）、使用寿命短和日常维护频繁。 普通蓄电池特性 　1. 高容量 2. 长寿命 3. 高CCA，起动性能好 4. 充电接受及耐振动性能优越 5. 优质的复合玻璃纤维隔板应用 6. TTP技术应用 7. 先进的防硫酸盐化技术 8. 先进的低锑合金技术，少维护设计 9. 可靠的液孔塞密封设计 10.干荷设计，贮存期长，即启即用 11.型号齐全，美观大方，高标准设计 2）干荷蓄电池：它的全称是干式荷电铅酸蓄电池，它的主要特点是负极板有较高的储电能力，在完全干燥状态下，能在两年内保存所得到的电量，使用时，只需加入电解液，等过20—30分钟就可使用。
3）免维护蓄电池：免维护蓄电池由于自身结构上的优势，电解液的消耗量非常小，在使用寿命内基本不需要补充蒸馏水。它还具有耐震、耐高温、体积小、自放电小的特点。使用寿命一般为普通蓄电池的两倍。市场上的免维护蓄电池也有两种：第一种在购买时一次性加电解液以后使用中不需要维护（添加补充液）；另一种是电池本身出厂时就已经加好电解液并封死，用户根本就不能加补充液.
铅酸电池有2V，4V，6V，8V，12V，24V等系列，容量从200毫安时到3000安时。VRLA电池是基于AGM（吸液玻璃纤维板）技术和钙栅板的可充电电池，具有优越的大电流放电特性和超长的使用寿命。它在使用中不需加水。
铅酸蓄电池的分类，分别有普通蓄电池、干荷蓄电池、免维护铅酸蓄电池、阀控密封式铅酸蓄电池。
铅酸蓄电池的分类和基本常识
1. 铅酸蓄电池的基本分类
A） 按用途分类

B） 按铅酸蓄电池的荷电状态分类

C） 按电池盖和排气拴的结构分类

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2. 部分名词定义
密封蓄电池 sealed cell ： 当蓄电池在规定的设计范围内工作时保持密封状态，但是内部压力超过规定值时，允许气体通过一个可复位或不可复位的压力释放装置逸出。
全密封蓄电池 hermetically sealed cell 　没有压力释放装置的一种蓄电池。
免维护蓄电池 maintenance-free battery 　在规定的运行条件下，使用期间不需要维护的一种蓄电池。
蓄电池的特性和实验
容量 （ battery ） capacity 在规定的条件下，完全充电的蓄电池能够提供的电量，通常用安时（ A.h ）表示。
放电率 discharge rate 蓄电池放电用安培表示的电流。
平均电压 mean voltage 在充电或放电期间，电压的平均值。
充电终止电压 end-of-charge voltage 在规定的恒流充电期间，蓄电池达到完全充电时的电压。
标称容量 nominal capacity 用来鉴别蓄电池适当的近似的安时电量。
额定容量 rated capacity 在规定的条件下，蓄电池完全充电后所能提供的由制造厂标明的安时电量。
自放电 self-discharge 当蓄电池不与外电路连接时，由于蓄电池内自放反应而引起化学能的损失。

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本文由韩国SEBANG蓄电池（大陆地区）营销中心于2023-03-04 12:56:55 整理发布。
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